"Care is the heart of nursing: care is power,care is essential to healing;
Care is curing; and care is the central and dominant focus of nursing
and transcultural nursing decision and actions"
About Leininger
- Born in Sutton, Nebraska on July 13, 1925
- Lived on a farm with four brothers and sister
- Graduated from Sutton High School
with her aunt who suffered from congenital heart disease.
leininger is a nationally and internationally known educator,author, ttheorist, administrator, researcher,
and public speaker. She has been a distinguished visiting professor and scholar at 70 universities in the United States, Canada and overseas.
Ø In 1948 she received her diploma in nursing from St. Anthony’s School of Nursing in Denver, Colorado.
Ø In 1950, she earned a B.S. from St. Scholastic (Benedictine College) in Atchison, Kansas, and -In 1954 earned an M.S. in psychiatric and mental health nursing from the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. In 1965.
Ø She also estableshed the journal of Transcultural Nursing and served as editor from 1989-1995.
Her areas of expertise are transcultural nursing, comparative human care, qualitative research methods, cultural care theory, culture of nursing and health fields, anthropology, and the future of nursing.
- She was awarded a Ph.D. in cultural and social anthropology from the University of Washington, Seattle (Tomey and Alligood, 2001).
Early in her career as a nurse, Leininger recognized the importance of the
Concept of “caring” in nursing frequent statements of appreciation from patients for care received prompted Leininger to focus on “care” as being a central component of nursing. During the 1950s, while working in a child guidance home, Leininger experienced what she describes as a cultural shock when she realized that recurrent behavioral patterns in children appeared to have a cultural basis. Madeleine r identified a lack of cultural and care knowledge as the missing link to nursing understands of the many variations required inpatient care to support compliance, healing, and wellness. 1950 was the new insights were the beginnings of new construct and phenomenon related nursing care called transcultural nursing.
Concept
"Leininger defined nursing as a learned scientific and humanistic profession and discipline focused on human care phenomena and caring activities in order to assist, support, facilitate or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their health or well-being in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help individuals face handicaps or death."
Person
She indicates that nursing as a caring should focus ahead of traditional,
nurse-patient interactions to include
- Family
-Group
-Social institution or a culture
Person are thus believed to be caring and capable of being concerned about the desires, welfare and continued existence of others.
Health
Encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions, including well-being, illness, disability, and handicap.
- Health System
- Health Care practices
- Changing health patterns
- Health promotion
- Health maintenance
Environment
Leininger refers to the physical or ecological environment and a context in which individuals and cultural groups live.
Nursing
She considers nursing a discipline and a profession. she vied caring instead as the verb counterpart to the noun “care” and refers it to a feeling of compassion, interest and concern for people. She gave three types of nursing actions that are culturally-based and thus consistent with the need and values of clients.
- Cultural care preservation/maintenance
- Cultural care accommodation/negotiation
- Cultural care re patterning / restructing
Assumptions are derived from the theoretical conceptualization and philosophical positions of the culture care, as they used to guides the systematic theory.
- care(caring) is essential to curing and healing, for there can be no curing without caring.
- Every human culture has lay (generic,folk or indigenous) care knowledge and practice and usually some professional care knowledge and practices which vary transcultural.
- A client who experciences nursing care that fails to be reasonably congruent with his/her beliefs, values, and caring lifeway's will show signs of cultural conflict, noncompliance, stress and ethical or moral concern
Evaluation
The general scope of transcultural nursing is definitely a large body to explore and deduce upon. Health assessment tool may vary a lot per culture and due standardization is deemed challenging as well. It is imperative that while cultural allowances are made, standard nursing practice must still be maintained and constantly met.
References
-TFN book
Theoritical Foundation of nursing
(The Philippine perspective)
Created by:
Nodalo, Maricar
Marephine, Martizano.
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